Contractures are a medical condition characterized by the permanent tightening or shortening of muscles, tendons, and other connective tissues within the body. This phenomenon typically results in a limited range of motion in the affected joint or muscle group, leading to stiffness and deformities. Contractures can occur in various parts of the body, including the hands, wrists, elbows, knees, hips, and feet.
The most common causes of contractures are prolonged immobility or lack of use of a particular muscle or joint, such as in individuals with paralysis, bedridden patients, or those recovering from injuries. Other contributing factors may include muscle or joint damage, nerve disorders, or certain genetic conditions. Individuals with conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, or multiple sclerosis may be more susceptible to developing contractures.
Symptoms of contractures may include pain, discomfort, difficulty in moving or straightening the affected joint, and visible muscle or joint deformities. Contractures can significantly impact an individual's ability to perform daily activities and may lead to a loss of independence.
Treatment for contractures focuses on preventing further progression and improving range of motion. This may involve a combination of physical therapy, stretching exercises, splints or orthoses, medications to manage pain or muscle spasms, and in severe cases, surgical intervention. Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing contractures to minimize their impact and facilitate better functional outcomes for the affected individual.
