Common shares, also known as ordinary shares or equity shares, refer to a type of securities that represent a proportionate ownership interest in a corporation. They are the most basic form of ownership in a company and typically entitle shareholders to voting rights and a share of profits, known as dividends.
Common shares provide shareholders with numerous rights and benefits. First and foremost, they offer voting rights, allowing shareholders to participate in major decisions affecting the company. However, the amount of voting power may vary based on the number of shares owned by an individual. Additionally, common shareholders have the potential for capital appreciation, meaning the value of their shares may increase over time if the company performs well. They may also receive dividends, which are periodic payments distributed to shareholders out of the company's profits.
Despite these advantages, common shares also carry certain risks. As owners of residual claims on assets and earnings, common shareholders are the last to be paid in the event of bankruptcy or liquidation. If the company encounters financial difficulties, common shareholders may face losses or even the complete loss of their investment.
In conclusion, common shares represent the most common form of ownership in a corporation, entitling shareholders to voting rights, dividends, and potential capital appreciation. They provide individuals with a means to participate in a company's decision-making process while also exposing them to the associated risks of owning equity in a business.
The etymology of the word "common shares" can be traced back to Old French and Latin origins.
The word "common" derives from the Old French word "commun", which originated from the Latin word "communis". In Latin, "communis" means "pertaining to all" or "shared by all". In the context of shares, "common" signifies that the shares are ordinary or typical and available to the general public.
The term "shares" comes from the Old English word "scearu", meaning "a division" or "a part". It later evolved into the Middle English word "schare", which signifies a portion or stake.
Therefore, the combination of "common" and "shares" refers to the type of shares that are widely available and distributed among individuals, representing ownership in a company.