Chronic renal failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a long-term, progressive decline in kidney function over time. The condition occurs when the kidneys become damaged and are unable to filter waste products and excess fluids effectively from the blood. This gradual deterioration of kidney function occurs over a period of months or years.
Chronic renal failure is usually characterized by the persistent presence of certain signs and symptoms, such as high blood pressure, frequent urination, fatigue, fluid retention, anemia, and swelling in the hands and feet. Additionally, individuals with this condition may experience bone disorders, electrolyte imbalances, and cardiovascular complications.
Various factors can contribute to the development of chronic renal failure, including diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney infections, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders. It can also result from certain medications, exposure to toxins, or a family history of kidney disease.
Treatment for chronic renal failure focuses on managing symptoms, preserving kidney function, and preventing further damage. This may involve lifestyle changes, such as dietary modifications, exercise, and quitting smoking, as well as medication to control blood pressure and manage associated health conditions.
In severe cases, when kidney function has significantly declined, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary to maintain the proper balance of fluids, electrolytes, and waste products in the body.
