Chronic subdural hematoma is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of blood in the space between the brain's outer surface (dura) and the underlying brain tissue (subdural space). It is considered chronic when the accumulation of blood occurs gradually over weeks to months, often without a history of significant head trauma.
A subdural hematoma typically occurs when small blood vessels rupture, resulting in the leaking of blood into the subdural space. This condition commonly affects older adults due to the increased fragility of blood vessels and brain shrinkage associated with aging. However, it can also occur in individuals of any age who have experienced head injuries or have a history of bleeding disorders.
Chronic subdural hematoma may present with various symptoms depending on the size and location of the blood accumulation. Common signs and symptoms include headache, confusion, memory problems, difficulty speaking, loss of coordination, dizziness, seizures, and changes in behavior. Severe cases can lead to a rapid decline in cognitive function, loss of consciousness, coma, or even death.
The diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma usually involves a thorough medical history evaluation, physical examination, and neuroimaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment options may vary depending on the severity and symptoms of the hematoma, but they often involve surgical intervention to drain or remove the accumulated blood and relieve pressure on the brain. In some cases, supportive measures like monitoring, medication administration, and rehabilitation techniques may also be utilized to promote recovery and manage symptoms.
