Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. It is characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and multifocal conduction abnormalities of the nerves.
The term "chronic" indicates that CIDP is a long-lasting condition, with symptoms typically persisting for at least two months. "Inflammatory" refers to the immune system's inappropriate response, leading to inflammation within the peripheral nerves. "Demyelinating" signifies the damage to the protective covering of nerve fibers called myelin, which affects nerve signal transmission. "Polyradiculoneuropathy" indicates that multiple nerve roots, which emerge from the spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are affected.
Patients with CIDP often experience progressive weakness, numbness, tingling, and impaired motor functions in their limbs. This weakness can affect both the arms and legs and may progress symmetrically or asymmetrically. CIDP can manifest with a relapsing-remitting pattern, where symptoms worsen and then improve over time, or with a steadily progressive course.
CIDP is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and sometimes nerve biopsies. Treatment may involve immunomodulatory therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusions, corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or immunosuppressant drugs. These treatments aim to reduce inflammation and improve nerve function.
Although there is no cure for CIDP, early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly improve outcomes and help patients achieve better quality of life. Regular medical monitoring, physical therapy, and assistive devices may also be recommended to manage symptoms and maintain functionality.
