Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal tangle of blood vessels within the brain. AVMs form during fetal development when blood vessels in the brain do not develop normally, resulting in an abnormal connection between arteries and veins. This condition can occur anywhere in the brain and affects both males and females equally.
AVMs are classified as a type of rare vascular disorder that can cause significant health issues, such as hemorrhages, seizures, and neurological problems. The tangled vessels in an AVM disrupt the normal blood flow and pressure within the brain, making the affected vessels more prone to rupturing or bleeding. This bleeding can cause severe damage to brain tissue and potentially result in life-threatening complications.
Symptoms of a cerebral AVM can vary depending on the size and location of the abnormal vessels. Common signs include headaches, seizures, difficulty speaking, weakness or numbness in the limbs, and vision problems. However, some individuals with AVMs may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms.
The exact cause of AVMs is currently unknown, but genetics and certain inherited disorders may play a role in their development. The diagnosis of a cerebral AVM typically involves neuroimaging techniques like CT scans, MRI scans, or cerebral angiograms.
Treatment options for AVMs can vary depending on the specific case and individual characteristics. Some AVMs may require surgical removal, endovascular embolization, or stereotactic radiosurgery to reduce the risk of bleeding or alleviate symptoms. The choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and overall health of the patient. Regular follow-up and monitoring are necessary to ensure the condition remains under control and to manage any potential complications.
