Cerebral arterial diseases, also known as cerebrovascular diseases, refer to a group of medical conditions characterized by the malfunction or damage of the blood vessels supplying the brain. These diseases predominantly affect the arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the brain, leading to a disruption of the normal blood flow to this vital organ.
There are several types of cerebral arterial diseases, including ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and cerebral aneurysms. Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked, typically due to a blood clot or atherosclerosis. Hemorrhagic stroke, on the other hand, results from bleeding within the brain caused by the rupture of a weakened blood vessel. TIAs, often referred to as "mini-strokes," are temporary disruptions of blood flow to the brain, resulting in temporary neurological symptoms. Cerebral aneurysms are abnormal bulges in the walls of brain arteries, which can rupture and cause bleeding in the brain.
Symptoms of cerebral arterial diseases vary depending on the specific condition and the affected area of the brain, but common signs include sudden severe headache, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, loss of coordination, and changes in vision or perception.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of cerebral arterial diseases are crucial to minimize brain damage and prevent potential life-threatening complications. Treatments may include medications to dissolve blood clots, surgery to repair or remove damaged blood vessels, rehabilitation therapy to regain lost functions, and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of future occurrences.
