Central nervous system schistosomiasis is a medical condition characterized by the invasion and infestation of the central nervous system (CNS) by the parasitic worm known as Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by the transmission of larvae through contaminated freshwater sources such as rivers or lakes. The disease primarily affects individuals living in areas where the parasite is endemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, but can also be found in parts of South America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.
When the larvae penetrate the skin during water contact, they migrate through the bloodstream and eventually reach the CNS. Once in the central nervous system, the worms can cause a range of neurological symptoms. These symptoms might include severe headaches, seizures, cognitive impairments, limb weakness or paralysis, visual disturbances, and even coma in severe cases.
Central nervous system schistosomiasis is a rare presentation of the disease, but it can have significant consequences for the affected individuals. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term neurological damage or disability. Treatment typically involves the use of antiparasitic medications to kill the worms and reduce inflammation in the CNS. In severe cases, supportive care such as physical therapy, rehabilitation, and management of complications may be necessary.
Prevention of central nervous system schistosomiasis involves avoiding contact with contaminated freshwater sources, practicing safe hygiene measures such as using clean water for bathing and drinking, and wearing protective clothing when in high-risk areas.
