Central nervous system tumors, often referred to as CNS tumors, are abnormal growths that develop in the brain or spinal cord. They arise from the uncontrolled division and multiplication of cells within the central nervous system. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign CNS tumors are typically slow-growing and do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Although they are not cancerous, they can still cause significant problems by compressing vital structures in the brain or spinal cord.
Malignant CNS tumors, on the other hand, are more aggressive and have the potential to invade nearby tissues, as well as metastasize to other parts of the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. They can be further classified into primary tumors, which originate within the brain or spinal cord, and secondary tumors, which are the result of metastasis from cancer elsewhere in the body.
The symptoms of CNS tumors vary depending on their size, location, and rate of growth. Some common symptoms include headaches, seizures, changes in vision or hearing, difficulty in balancing or walking, cognitive impairment, and personality or behavioral changes.
Diagnosis of CNS tumors generally involves a combination of imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as a biopsy to analyze the tumor tissue. Treatment options for central nervous system tumors include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, such as the type of tumor, its location, and whether it is benign or malignant. Additionally, supportive care and rehabilitation may be necessary to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
