Central nervous system (CNS) mycoses refer to fungal infections that affect the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. These mycoses are caused by various types of fungi, such as Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus, which can invade the CNS through various routes, including respiratory infections, bloodstream dissemination, or direct extension from nearby infected tissues.
These infections can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening conditions, causing a range of symptoms depending on the site and extent of the infection. Common symptoms of CNS mycoses include headaches, fever, altered mental status, seizures, neck stiffness, and neurological deficits.
Diagnosis of CNS mycoses often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as cerebrospinal fluid analysis to detect the presence of the fungi and inflammatory markers.
Treatment of CNS mycoses generally involves the administration of antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, amphotericin B, or voriconazole, which can help to eliminate the fungal infection and manage symptoms. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove fungal abscesses or relieve pressure within the CNS.
Due to the seriousness and potential complications associated with CNS mycoses, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further damage to the central nervous system and improve patient outcomes.
