Central Nervous System Lupus (CNS lupus), also known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), is a manifestation of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that affects the central nervous system (CNS). SLE is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organs and systems in the body, including the brain and spinal cord.
CNS lupus occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the CNS, leading to inflammation and damage. This can cause a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, including headaches, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, psychosis, and other behavioral changes.
Diagnosing CNS lupus can be challenging, as its symptoms can vary greatly and may resemble other conditions. Medical professionals may use a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and a review of the individual's medical history to make an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment for CNS lupus typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, involving rheumatologists, neurologists, and mental health professionals. Medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system, manage symptoms, and prevent disease flares. In some cases, immunosuppressive therapies may be needed to control the underlying systemic lupus erythematosus.
Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to manage CNS lupus effectively. While some individuals may experience chronic or recurrent symptoms, others may achieve remission with appropriate treatment and lifestyle adjustments.
