Celt, in historical and anthropological contexts, refers to a member of the ancient Celtic peoples who inhabited parts of Western Europe during the Iron Age. The term is derived from the Greek word "Keltoi," used to describe a variety of tribes and ethnic groups across the continent.
The Celtic civilization emerged around 800 BCE and thrived until the Roman conquest of Gaul in 50 BCE. The Celts were known for their distinctive culture, characterized by their unique language, rich mythology, skilled craftsmanship, and elaborate social structures. They were renowned for their prowess in warfare, with many Celtic warriors serving as mercenaries in various conflicts throughout the ancient world.
These ancient Celts were primarily spread across present-day Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany (northwestern France), and Cornwall (southwestern England). They established tribal societies with complex hierarchical systems, consisting of chieftains, druids (religious and intellectual leaders), and warrior classes. The Celts were predominantly agrarian, engaging in farming, animal husbandry, and mining. Furthermore, they developed sophisticated trade networks, known for their proficiency in producing iron weapons and tools.
The Celtic civilization left a lasting impact on Europe, influencing subsequent cultures through their art, folklore, and linguistic contributions. Today, numerous regions across the British Isles and Europe still possess remnants of Celtic heritage in their traditions and customs. The term "Celt" is also used to describe contemporary Celtic-speaking peoples and their cultural descendants, who strive to preserve and celebrate their distinct Celtic identity.
