A solute is a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. It refers to the component of a solution that is present in a lesser quantity and undergoes dispersion within the solvent. When a solute is added to a solvent, it disperses evenly throughout the solvent particles, resulting in a homogeneous mixture called a solution.
The solute is typically in a different state of matter than the solvent, such as a solid dissolving in a liquid or a gas dissolving in a liquid. The solute particles can be atoms, ions, or molecules, and they are dispersed throughout the entire solvent, interacting with the solvent particles.
Solute concentration plays a vital role in influencing the properties of a solution, such as its boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure. The concentration of the solute can be determined by measuring the amount in a given quantity of solution, often expressed in moles or mass per unit volume.
Solute particles can participate in various interactions with the solvent, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, or ion-dipole attractions, depending on the nature of the solute and solvent. These interactions determine the process of dissolution and affect the solubility of the solute in the solvent.
In summary, a solute refers to the substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, and its characteristics influence the properties of the resultant solution.
