CAROTENOIDS Meaning and
Definition
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Carotenoids are a class of organic pigments found in plants, algae, and some bacteria. They are responsible for the vibrant colors in fruits, vegetables, and flowers, such as the bright orange of carrots and the deep red of tomatoes. Carotenoids play a vital role in photosynthesis, protecting the light-absorbing chlorophyll molecules from harmful ultraviolet radiation and dissipating excess energy.
In addition to their function in plants, carotenoids are also essential in animal and human diets. In the human body, carotenoids act as antioxidants, protecting cells from damage caused by harmful free radicals. They are also thought to have anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating properties. Furthermore, carotenoids are involved in vision health, as some are converted into vitamin A, which is necessary for proper vision, particularly in dim light.
Carotenoids are divided into two main categories: carotenes and xanthophylls. Carotenes, such as beta-carotene and lycopene, are purely hydrocarbons and therefore purely lipid-soluble. Xanthophylls, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, are oxygenated carotenoids with hydroxyl or keto groups, making them partially water-soluble.
Overall, carotenoids are essential compounds with various biological functions. They not only contribute to the vibrant colors in nature but also play crucial roles in photosynthesis, human health, and physiological processes.
Common Misspellings for CAROTENOIDS
Etymology of CAROTENOIDS
The word "carotenoids" has a Greek-Latin etymology.
The term "carotenoid" is derived from the Greek word "karōton", which means "carrot", and the Latin suffix "-oid", meaning "resembling" or "similar to". Carotenoids are natural pigments found in various fruits and vegetables, and they are particularly abundant in carrots, hence the name. The orange color of carrots comes from the high concentration of carotenoids present in the vegetable.
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