Cancer suppressor genes, also known as tumor suppressor genes or anti-oncogenes, are a category of genes that play a crucial role in inhibiting the development and progression of cancer in the body. These genes act as safeguards or regulators by controlling cell growth, division, differentiation, and even inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis) when necessary.
The main function of cancer suppressor genes is to prevent the aberrant growth of cells and maintain genomic stability. They act as guardians of the genome, repairing DNA damage, and preventing the accumulation of mutations that may lead to cancer. When these genes are mutated or dysfunctional, they lose their ability to suppress or control cell growth, thus paving the way for uncontrolled cell division, tumor formation, and cancer development.
Cancer suppressor genes typically work in coordination with oncogenes, which are genes that promote cell growth and division. While oncogenes are activated by mutations that enhance their functions, cancer suppressor genes are typically inactivated or mutated to lose their normal function, leading to an imbalance in cell growth regulation.
Well-known examples of cancer suppressor genes include TP53 (p53), BRCA1, BRCA2, and APC. Mutations in these genes are associated with increased susceptibility to various types of cancers, such as breast, ovarian, colorectal, and lung cancers.
Understanding and discovering cancer suppressor genes and their mechanisms are of great importance in cancer research, as they provide valuable insights into the development of targeted therapies and preventive strategies for cancer treatment.
