A cancer suppressor gene, also known as a tumor suppressor gene, is a specific type of gene that plays a critical role in controlling and regulating cell division and preventing the formation and development of cancerous tumors in an organism. These genes act as safeguards or "brakes" in the cell cycle, preventing abnormal cell growth and division from occurring.
Cancer suppressor genes work by producing proteins that help regulate and maintain the normal growth and division of cells. They control various cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. When these genes undergo mutations or deletions, their normal functioning is altered, and they become inactive or ineffective. This can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the accumulation of genetic alterations, increasing the risk of tumor formation and cancer development.
Mutations in cancer suppressor genes can be inherited or acquired throughout a person's lifetime. Inherited mutations are passed down from parents, resulting in a higher susceptibility to develop cancer. Acquired mutations, on the other hand, originate due to environmental factors or exposure to carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, or certain chemicals.
Identifying and studying cancer suppressor genes is crucial for understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Research in this field aims to develop targeted therapies that can reactivate or restore the normal functions of these genes, ultimately leading to better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for cancer patients.
