Cancer of the rectum, also known as rectal cancer, is a malignant tumor that originates in the cells of the rectum, which is the final section of the large intestine located just above the anus. Rectal cancer is a type of colorectal cancer, the second most prevalent cancer in both men and women worldwide.
This condition occurs when normal cells in the rectum undergo abnormal changes in their DNA, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of a tumor. Risk factors for rectal cancer include age (more commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 50), a history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease, a family history of colorectal cancer, a diet high in fat and low in fiber, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms of rectal cancer may vary depending on the location and size of the tumor, but commonly include rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, changes in bowel habits (such as persistent diarrhea or constipation), abdominal pain or discomfort, unintended weight loss, fatigue, and a feeling of incomplete bowel movements.
Treatment options for cancer of the rectum may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. The choice of treatment depends on various factors including the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis and increase the chances of survival. Regular screening tests, such as colonoscopies, are recommended for early detection and prevention of rectal cancer.
