Cancer of the skin, also known as skin cancer, refers to the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the skin tissues. It is a disease that originates when the skin cells undergo mutations in their DNA, causing them to divide and multiply at an accelerated rate. This uncontrolled growth leads to the development of malignant tumors on the skin that can invade surrounding tissues and potentially spread to other parts of the body if not treated.
There are various types of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form and typically occurs in sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face and neck. Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the squamous cells and can also develop in areas exposed to the sun, as well as on scarred or inflamed skin. Melanoma, though less common, is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and arises from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin.
Risk factors for developing skin cancer include prolonged and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds, fair skin tone, a family history of the disease, a weakened immune system, and having multiple moles or atypical moles.
Early detection and timely treatment are crucial for a positive prognosis. Prevention primarily involves protecting the skin from UV radiation, such as using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and avoiding outdoor activities during peak sun hours. Regular self-examinations, along with routine check-ups by a dermatologist, aid in the early identification of any suspicious skin changes that may indicate the presence of skin cancer.
