Cancer of the penis, also known as penile cancer, is a malignant tumor that develops within the tissues of the penis. It is a rare form of cancer that primarily affects older men, generally over the age of 60. This condition usually starts in the skin cells of the penis and can spread to the nearby tissues, lymph nodes, and other organs if left untreated.
The exact cause of penile cancer is not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include poor hygiene, a history of genital infections, smoking, a weakened immune system, certain sexually transmitted infections (particularly human papillomavirus or HPV), and a family history of penile cancer. Symptoms may include a growth or ulcer on the penis, abnormal discharge, pain or bleeding, changes in skin color or texture, swollen lymph nodes, or difficulty urinating.
Diagnosis of this condition often involves a physical examination, biopsy, imaging tests, and occasionally, additional medical procedures to determine the extent of the cancer's spread. Treatment options for penile cancer may include surgery (such as partial or total removal of the penis), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, its location, size, and the overall health of the patient.
Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for a successful outcome. Regular self-examinations, particularly in high-risk individuals, along with routine medical check-ups, can help in identifying the disease at an early stage when treatment is most effective.
