Cancer of the ovary, also known as ovarian cancer, is a malignant neoplasm that develops in the tissues of the ovaries. The ovaries are essential reproductive organs located on both sides of the uterus in females and are responsible for producing eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Cancer of the ovary occurs when abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth begins in the ovaries. These cancerous cells have the potential to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through a process known as metastasis. There are various types of ovarian cancer, including epithelial carcinoma (the most common form), germ cell tumors, stromal tumors, and borderline tumors.
Symptoms of ovarian cancer may not be apparent in the early stages, leading to a delayed diagnosis. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms may include abdominal discomfort or bloating, frequent or urgent urination, pelvic pain, changes in appetite, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Risk factors for ovarian cancer include a family history of the disease, certain inherited gene mutations, increasing age, endometriosis, obesity, and certain hormone replacement therapies. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests (such as ultrasound or CT scan), blood tests, and a biopsy.
Treatment options for cancer of the ovary may include surgery to remove the affected ovary and other nearby tissues, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the overall health of the individual. Regular screening and early detection can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rate for individuals with ovarian cancer.
