C abl Genes, also known as ABL genes, refer to a family of proto-oncogenes that encode nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Specifically, these genes play a crucial role in cell signaling and regulation, particularly in the control of cell growth and division. The ABL gene family consists of two members: ABL1 and ABL2.
The ABL1 gene is located on chromosome 9 and is responsible for producing the ABL tyrosine kinase protein. This protein is involved in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Abnormalities in the ABL1 gene have been associated with various types of cancer, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
On the other hand, the ABL2 gene is located on chromosome 1 and codes for a similar tyrosine kinase protein. This protein is primarily involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migration. Mutations or dysregulation of the ABL2 gene have been implicated in developmental disorders, including intellectual disabilities.
The ABL genes are tightly regulated in normal cells, ensuring proper cell growth, proliferation, and survival. However, alterations in their expression or activity can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to the development of cancer or other pathological conditions. Thus, understanding the function and regulation of the c abl genes is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying cellular processes and disease pathogenesis, as well as for the development of targeted therapies.
