A bursa refers to a small sac-like structure found throughout the human body, typically situated near joints and areas where tendons or muscles glide over bones or other tissues. It is primarily composed of a thin, lubricated membrane known as synovial membrane, which produces synovial fluid to reduce friction and facilitate smooth movements between adjacent structures. Acting as a protective cushion between bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues, the bursa helps minimize friction-induced damage, inflammation, and discomfort during movements.
The bursa's main function is to facilitate the smooth gliding and sliding of adjacent structures, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments, against bony prominences or other tissues. By reducing friction between these structures, the bursa promotes painless and efficient movement, allowing for comfortable joint mobility and muscle contraction.
Although bursae are present throughout the body, their number and location can vary. They are commonly found around major joints like the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee. Certain bursae also serve as protective pads between bones and skin, such as the prepatellar bursa located in front of the kneecap.
Instances of trauma, repetitive movements, or inflammation may lead to bursitis, a condition characterized by the swelling and irritation of the bursa. Bursitis can cause pain, tenderness, limited range of motion, and warmth or redness at the affected site. Treatment often involves resting the affected area, applying cold or heat therapy, taking anti-inflammatory medications, and in some cases, undergoing physical therapy or receiving corticosteroid injections.
