Bacillary Epithelioid Angiomatosis is a rare infectious disease that affects the skin, bones, and internal organs. It is caused by a bacterial infection with either Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana.
The disease primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients, but it can also occur in individuals with a normal immune system.
The term "bacillary" refers to the presence of bacteria, specifically the Bartonella species, which invade and proliferate within host cells. "Epithelioid" describes the characteristic appearance of infected cells, which become enlarged and exhibit features similar to epithelial cells. "Angiomatosis" refers to the formation of abnormal blood vessels, often resulting in the development of vascular lesions or tumors.
Symptoms of Bacillary Epithelioid Angiomatosis may include skin lesions, which can range from small papules to large nodules or tumors, often resembling those seen in Kaposi's sarcoma. These lesions can be red, purple, or brown in color and may ulcerate. In severe cases, the infection can spread to involve internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen, and bones, leading to complications such as hepatitis or osteomyelitis.
Diagnosis of Bacillary Epithelioid Angiomatosis is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, histological analysis of affected tissues, and laboratory tests to identify the presence of Bartonella bacteria in the blood or tissues.
Treatment usually involves antibiotic therapy, such as macrolides or tetracyclines, for an extended period of time. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent progressive disease and potentially life-threatening complications.
