Bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis (BEA) is a rare infectious disease primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals, caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana. This condition leads to the formation of vascular lesions in various parts of the body.
The term "bacillary" refers to the bacterium causing the infection, while "epithelioid" describes the appearance of the infected cells, resembling epithelial cells. "Angiomatosis" indicates the formation of vascular lesions or tumors. BEA typically occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
The symptoms of BEA can vary widely and are nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging. Some common signs include skin lesions that range from red papules to nodules or ulcerations, along with systemic symptoms like fever, fatigue, and weight loss. These lesions commonly affect the skin, bones, liver, and lymph nodes.
The diagnosis of BEA often requires a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging techniques, and laboratory tests. Histological examination of affected tissues may reveal the presence of bacteria within endothelial cells. Molecular testing, such as PCR, can help identify the causative bacteria.
Treatment primarily involves the use of antibiotics, typically doxycycline or erythromycin. In more severe cases or when there is involvement of vital organs, additional antibiotics like rifampin and ciprofloxacin may be required.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to a favorable outcome for individuals with bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis. However, in advanced cases or when left untreated, complications can arise, including lesions in vital organs, spread to the bloodstream, and potentially fatal systemic infections.
