BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS Meaning and
Definition
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Babylonian mathematics refers to the mathematical practices and techniques that were developed and employed by the ancient civilization of Babylon, which existed in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) from the 18th to the 6th century BCE. Babylonian mathematics played a significant role in the advancement of numerical notation and calculation methods during this period.
The Babylonians used a base-60 numeral system called the sexagesimal system. This system consisted of symbols for digits 1 to 59, represented by a combination of numeral signs and positional notation. It allowed them to perform calculations involving fractions and difficult multiplications and divisions more effectively than other contemporary civilizations.
Babylonian mathematicians developed various algorithms and tables for solving practical arithmetic problems. They utilized techniques such as long division and multiplication, as well as methods for determining square and cube roots. Moreover, they employed geometric principles to solve equations and problems of measurement.
The most significant surviving mathematical texts from Babylonian civilization are the clay tablets known as the Plimpton 322 and the Yale Babylonian tablets. These documents contain mathematical tables and algorithms, including Pythagorean triples, which are sets of three numbers satisfying the Pythagorean theorem.
The influence of Babylonian mathematics extended to other civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and India, where their mathematical knowledge was incorporated into later developments. Babylonian mathematics not only contributed to the field of mathematics itself but also had practical applications in various spheres, including commerce, surveying, and astronomy.
Etymology of BABYLONIAN MATHEMATICS
The term "Babylonian mathematics" refers to the mathematical practices and knowledge of the ancient civilization of Babylon, which was located in Mesopotamia, present-day Iraq. The etymology of the word "Babylonian" can be traced back to the Greek word "Babulōn", which, in turn, was derived from the Akkadian word "Bāb-ilim", meaning "Gate of God". This name was given to the city of Babylon due to the belief that it served as a connection between heaven and earth.
The mathematics of Babylon, developed around 2000 BCE, was highly advanced for its time and laid the foundation for many mathematical concepts and techniques still used today. Babylonian mathematics encompassed various aspects such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and the study of astronomical phenomena.
