BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMY Meaning and
Definition
-
Babylonian astronomy refers to the ancient astronomical practices and knowledge developed by the Babylonian civilization. It was one of the earliest systematic observations and interpretations of celestial bodies, conducted in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) from the 2nd millennium BCE to the 1st century BCE.
The Babylonians were excellent record-keepers, developing an intricate system to record astronomical observations. They documented the movements of celestial bodies, especially the Sun, Moon, and visible planets, over extended periods. These records allowed them to identify patterns, predict astronomical events, and formulate mathematical models to describe the motions of celestial objects.
Babylonian astronomers made significant contributions to the measurement of time and the development of calendars. Their focus on tracking celestial events enabled them to create accurate calendars that aligned with both lunar and solar cycles. They developed a sexagesimal number system, based on the number 60, which is still utilized today for measuring time and angles.
Moreover, Babylonian astronomy had a profound influence on later civilizations, particularly the Hellenistic and Islamic worlds. It provided the foundation for Greek and Roman astronomical thought, transmitting a wealth of astronomical knowledge to later civilizations.
In summary, Babylonian astronomy encompassed the systematic study and interpretation of celestial phenomena and the development of mathematical models to describe planetary motions. The Babylonians’ meticulous record-keeping and observations laid the groundwork for subsequent astronomical discoveries and influenced astronomical practices in later cultures.
Etymology of BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMY
The word "Babylonian" refers to the ancient city of Babylon, which was located in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). Babylonian astronomy can be traced back to the astronomical observations and records made by the ancient Babylonians, who were accomplished astronomers and mathematicians.
The term "Babylonian" itself derives from the Akkadian language, which was spoken by the inhabitants of ancient Babylonia. The Akkadian word "Bab-ilani" means "Gate of God" or "Gate of the Gods", referring to the city's religious significance and its numerous temples dedicated to various deities.
As for "astronomy", it originates from the Greek word "astronomia", combining "astron" meaning "star" and "-nomia" meaning "law" or "arrangement". The discipline of astronomy involves the study of celestial objects, including stars, planets, and other celestial phenomena.
