Adrenal cortex cancers, also known as adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC), are rare malignant tumors that develop in the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped organs located on top of each kidney.
Adrenal cortex cancers arise from the cells that produce steroid hormones, such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. These tumors typically occur in adults, but can also affect children. Adrenal cortex cancers are characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the adrenal cortex, leading to the formation of a tumor.
The symptoms associated with adrenal cortex cancers vary depending on the specific hormones produced by the tumor. Common signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, rapid weight gain, high blood pressure, excessive hair growth, menstrual irregularities, and muscle weakness.
Diagnosis of adrenal cortex cancers involves imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as blood and hormone level testing. A definitive diagnosis can be confirmed through a tissue biopsy.
The treatment for adrenal cortex cancers involves surgical removal of the tumor whenever possible. In cases where surgery is not feasible or the cancer has metastasized, other treatment options may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches.
The prognosis for adrenal cortex cancers depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, the individual's age and overall health, and the response to treatment. Early detection and treatment can greatly improve the chances of survival and long-term outcomes.
