Adrenal cancer, also known as adrenal gland cancer or adrenocortical carcinoma, is a rare type of cancer that originates in the adrenal glands. These small, triangular-shaped glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions.
Adrenal cancer occurs when abnormal cells develop in the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands. This abnormal growth usually leads to the overproduction of hormones, such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
Symptoms of adrenal cancer may vary depending on the hormones being overproduced and the stage of the cancer. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, high blood pressure, sudden or excessive growth of body or facial hair, and irregular menstrual periods in women.
The exact cause of adrenal cancer is unknown, but certain inherited conditions, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, may increase the risk. Other factors such as a family history of adrenal cancer, history of radiation therapy, or certain genetic mutations may also contribute to the development of this cancer.
Diagnosis of adrenal cancer typically involves blood and urine tests, imaging tests like CT or MRI scans, and biopsy of the adrenal gland tissue. Treatment options may include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the stage and extent of the cancer.
Overall, adrenal cancer is a rare and potentially aggressive form of cancer that requires prompt medical attention and a comprehensive treatment approach to ensure the best possible outcome for the affected individual.
