Adipose tissue macrophages refer to a specific type of immune cells that are found within adipose tissue, which is the body's connective tissue storing energy in the form of fat. These macrophages are an important component of the immune system and play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis and functionality of adipose tissue.
Macrophages are large white blood cells responsible for engulfing and digesting cellular debris, foreign substances, and pathogens. Adipose tissue macrophages are found dispersed throughout adipose tissue and exist in two distinct phenotypes: M1 and M2 macrophages.
M1 macrophages, also known as classically-activated macrophages, are pro-inflammatory and promote inflammation. They are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, M2 macrophages, called alternatively-activated macrophages, have anti-inflammatory properties and play a crucial role in tissue remodeling and repair.
Adipose tissue macrophages are involved in various functions including lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and adipose tissue inflammation. Their excessive accumulation or imbalanced activation can disrupt the delicate balance of adipose tissue, leading to inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, contributing to the development of obesity-associated diseases.
Understanding the role and regulation of adipose tissue macrophages is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms behind obesity-related pathologies and may provide potential therapeutic targets for managing obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders.
