Adipose tissues are specialized connective tissues in mammals that store fats for energy, insulation, and cushioning. The spelling of "adipose" is /ˈæd ɪˌpoʊs/ (AD-ih-pohs), with the stress on the first syllable. The "a" is pronounced as in "cat," "d" as in "dog," "i" as in "it," "p" as in "pet," "o" as in "owe," and "s" as in "sent." The spelling of "tissues" is /ˈtɪ ʃuːz/ (TIH-shoos), with the stress on the first syllable. The "t" is pronounced as in "tip," "i" as in "it," "s" as in "see," and "s" as in "see."
Adipose tissues, also referred to as adipose or fat, are specialized connective tissues found in the body primarily responsible for storing energy in the form of lipids. These tissues are composed mainly of adipocytes, which are cells specifically designed to accumulate and store lipids such as triglycerides. Adipose tissues are distributed throughout the body, primarily located beneath the skin (subcutaneous adipose tissue) and surrounding internal organs (visceral adipose tissue).
The main functions of adipose tissues include serving as a reserve of energy, helping to regulate body temperature, and providing cushioning and insulation for internal organs. Adipose tissues also play a role in hormone production, as they secrete various hormones called adipokines that regulate metabolism, inflammation, and appetite.
Adipose tissues are remarkable for their ability to expand or shrink depending on the body's energy needs. In cases of energy surplus, adipose tissues increase their size as they accumulate more lipids. Conversely, during periods of energy deficiency, they undergo lipolysis, breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids to be used as energy by the body.
Imbalances in adipose tissue distribution or metabolic activity can lead to various health problems. Excessive adipose tissue accumulation, known as obesity, is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. On the other hand, inadequate adipose tissue, such as in cases of lipodystrophy, can result in metabolic abnormalities and complications.
The word "adipose" comes from the Latin word "adeps", which means "fat". "Tissues" is derived from the Latin word "texere", meaning "to weave". Therefore, "adipose tissues" refers to the fatty tissues in the body.