Acute rheumatic arthritides refers to a group of inflammatory joint disorders that occur as a result of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). ARF is an autoimmune condition that arises following an untreated or inadequately treated infection caused by a strain of Streptococcus bacteria, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes, which causes strep throat.
The term "acute rheumatic arthritides" encompasses the various forms of arthritis that can develop as a consequence of ARF. These forms may include migratory acute arthritis, polyarthritis, and monoarthritis. Migratory acute arthritis is characterized by joint pain that rapidly shifts from one joint to another, usually involving large joints such as the knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists. Polyarthritis involves inflammation in several joints simultaneously, while monoarthritis refers to arthritis affecting only one joint.
Symptoms of acute rheumatic arthritides typically include joint pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. The affected joints may become tender to touch, and individuals may experience limited range of motion. In severe cases, joint deformities can occur.
Treatment for acute rheumatic arthritides involves addressing the underlying ARF with antibiotics to eradicate the Streptococcus infection. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are often prescribed to relieve joint pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, corticosteroids may be used to suppress the immune response. Physical therapy and supportive measures may also be employed to maintain joint function and prevent deformities.
Early detection and appropriate treatment of ARF are essential in preventing the development of acute rheumatic arthritides and minimizing joint damage.
