Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) is a rare but severe ocular disease characterized by inflammation and necrosis (cell death) of the retina. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye, responsible for converting light into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain to form visual images.
ARN is primarily caused by viral infections, most commonly by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). The condition typically affects immunocompetent individuals, but it can also occur in those with compromised immune systems.
The symptoms of ARN usually include rapid and severe vision loss, floaters (dark spots or lines in the visual field), ocular pain, redness, and sensitivity to light. The disease may affect one or both eyes, and if left untreated, it can lead to blindness. It is crucial to diagnose and treat ARN promptly to prevent permanent visual impairment.
Treatment for ARN involves a combination of antiviral medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids. Additionally, some patients may require surgical intervention to address complications such as retinal detachment or vitreous opacities.
While the prognosis of ARN can vary depending on the extent of retinal damage and promptness of treatment, early diagnosis and intervention offer the best chances of preserving visual function. Regular follow-up visits with an ophthalmologist are essential to monitor the progression of the disease and prevent potential complications.
