Acute kidney insufficiency, also known as acute kidney failure or acute renal failure, refers to a sudden and rapid decline in the normal functioning of the kidneys. It is a serious medical condition that occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid balance in the body.
In acute kidney insufficiency, the kidneys are unable to adequately remove waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the bloodstream, which can lead to a buildup of these substances in the body. This can cause various complications, including electrolyte imbalances, fluid overload, and damage to other organs.
The causes of acute kidney insufficiency can vary and often include conditions such as severe dehydration, infections, kidney damage due to medications or toxins, obstruction of the urinary tract, and reduced blood flow to the kidneys. The condition can develop quickly, sometimes within hours or days, and requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms of acute kidney insufficiency may include decreased urine output, swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet, fatigue, nausea, confusion, shortness of breath, and chest pain. If left untreated, acute kidney insufficiency can lead to life-threatening complications.
Treatment for acute kidney insufficiency focuses on addressing the underlying cause, supporting kidney function, and managing complications. This may involve fluid and electrolyte balance, medications to control blood pressure and reduce swelling, and potentially dialysis, which is a medical procedure that helps remove waste and excess fluids from the body when the kidneys are not functioning adequately.
