Acute kidney failure, also known as acute renal failure, is a clinical condition characterized by the sudden loss of the kidney's ability to function properly. It is a severe and rapid decline in kidney function, usually occurring within a few hours to a few days, resulting in a build-up of toxins and waste products in the blood.
Acute kidney failure can be caused by various factors, such as a sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, damage to the kidneys themselves, obstruction of the urinary tract, or certain medications and toxins. Common causes include severe infections, dehydration, blood loss, kidney damage due to medications or medical procedures, and conditions that directly affect the kidneys, such as glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis.
Symptoms of acute kidney failure may include decreased urine output, swelling in the legs and ankles, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, nausea, and seizures. If left untreated, it can lead to life-threatening complications, such as electrolyte imbalances, fluid overload, and widespread organ damage.
Treatment for acute kidney failure aims to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms. This may involve treating infections, restoring adequate blood flow to the kidneys, removing obstructions, or discontinuing medications that are damaging the kidneys. In severe cases, temporary or permanent dialysis may be required to help the kidneys filter waste and remove excess fluid from the body.
Timely diagnosis and intervention are essential for managing acute kidney failure and preventing further complications. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial for individuals who have experienced an episode of acute kidney failure to ensure proper kidney function and prevent subsequent episodes.
