A variable sweep wing, also known as a swing wing, refers to a type of aircraft wing design that can be adjusted to change its angle of sweep. The term "variable" indicates the capability of altering the positioning of the wings during flight, allowing for dynamic optimization according to the specific flight conditions and requirements.
The wing sweep angle refers to the angle between the wing chord line (an imaginary line connecting the leading and trailing edges of the wing) and the aircraft's longitudinal axis. In a variable sweep wing configuration, the angle of sweep can be adjusted, either manually or automatically, to optimize the aircraft's performance at different speeds, altitudes, and flight phases.
A variable sweep wing offers several advantages, including improved high-speed performance, increased maneuverability, and enhanced stability during different flight regimes. By sweeping the wing back at higher speeds, the aircraft can reduce drag, increase the critical Mach number, and achieve higher maximum speeds. Conversely, at lower speeds, a forward sweep configuration can enhance lift, stability, and control characteristics.
The ability to change the wing sweep angle is typically achieved through a complex system of hinges and actuators. Modern aircraft employing variable sweep wings often incorporate advanced control systems, including various sensors and computers, to automatically adjust the wing configuration throughout the flight.
Variable sweep wing technology was particularly prominent during the Cold War period, with several military aircraft adopting this configuration. However, due to the complexities and costs associated with swing wings, they are relatively rare in contemporary aircraft designs.
