How Do You Spell VARIABLE TANDEM REPEAT?

Pronunciation: [vˈe͡əɹɪəbə͡l tˈandəm ɹɪpˈiːt] (IPA)

The spelling of the word "Variable Tandem Repeat" can be explained using IPA phonetic transcription. Firstly, "variable" is pronounced as /ˈvɛriəbl/, with the stress on the first syllable and the "a" pronounced as the short vowel sound. Secondly, "tandem" is pronounced as /ˈtændəm/, again with the stress on the first syllable and the "a" pronounced as the short vowel sound. Lastly, "repeat" is pronounced as /rɪˈpiːt/, with the stress on the second syllable and the "ea" pronounced as the long vowel sound. Together, the word is pronounced as /ˈvɛriəbl ˈtændəm rɪˈpiːt/.

VARIABLE TANDEM REPEAT Meaning and Definition

1. A Variable Tandem Repeat (VNTR), also known as a Variable Number Tandem Repeat, is a specific type of genetic marker found in DNA. It is a sequence of DNA nucleotides consisting of short repeating units, typically 2 to 6 base pairs long, that are repeated multiple times in tandem configuration within a specific genomic region. The number of repeat units within the VNTR locus can vary greatly between individuals, hence the term "variable."

   VNTRs are highly polymorphic, meaning they exhibit extensive variations in the number of repeat units among different individuals in a population. This characteristic makes VNTRs valuable for genetic and forensic studies as they can be used to determine genetic relatedness, population structure, and individual identification.

   The variations in VNTR length are primarily caused by DNA replication errors during cell division. These errors can result in the expansion or contraction of the repeat units in offspring compared to their parents. Thus VNTRs act as markers of genetic diversity and are often used in genetic mapping, forensic DNA profiling, and population genetics studies.

   The analysis of VNTRs involves PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification of the target region followed by fragment length analysis using gel electrophoresis or more advanced techniques like capillary electrophoresis or DNA sequencing. By comparing the size variations of VNTR alleles across individuals, scientists can elucidate patterns of inheritance and genetic variation within a population.

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