Pronunciation: [tˈɒs tˈɜːn] (IPA) 
The spelling of the word "toss turn" can be explained through its phonetic transcription in IPA. The first word, "toss," is spelled with the voiceless alveolar affricate /t͡s/ followed by the rounded mid back vowel /ɔ/. The second word, "turn," is spelled with the voiceless alveolar stop /t/ followed by the unrounded front vowel /ɜr/. Together, these words create a phrase describing a restless and uneasy movement from side to side.
Toss and turn is a commonly used idiomatic phrase describing a restless and fitful movement in bed while trying to sleep. This expression typically implies a state of discomfort, restlessness, or unease that prevents a person from finding a comfortable position during their sleep.
When someone tosses and turns, they frequently change positions in bed, often accompanied by fidgeting, readjusting sheets, or flipping pillows, in an effort to alleviate the discomfort and find a more relaxed sleeping position. This restlessness generally stems from physical or psychological factors that interfere with the individual's ability to settle down and achieve a peaceful night's sleep.
The term "toss" refers to the act of throwing or flinging something with force, whereas "turn" signifies the act of rotating or changing direction. When combined in this phrase, "toss and turn" suggests a continuous cycle of shifting and moving, as if the person is being thrown around in bed, incapable of finding a stable and comfortable position.
Sleeping difficulties, such as anxiety, stress, physical pain, discomfort, or an uncomfortable sleeping environment, can all contribute to the tossing and turning phenomenon. This phrase is often used figuratively to describe a state of restlessness or agitation outside of sleep, representing a state of mental or emotional turmoil.
The word "toss turn" does not have a specific etymology since it is a combination of two separate words.
The word "toss" can be traced back to the Old English word "tossian" which means "to throw, fling". It is likely derived from a Proto-Germanic root. Over time, "toss" has gained various meanings such as "to sway, agitate, or disturb".
The word "turn" has its origins in Old English as well, derived from the word "turnian" meaning "to rotate, revolve, or change direction". It is believed to be related to the Old High German word "durnon" and the Old Norse word "drǫnna", both having similar meanings.
When combined, the phrase "toss turn" does not have a distinct etymology.
