Syphilis is a contagious, chronic sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse, but may also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy and childbirth. Syphilis progresses in stages and if left untreated, can lead to serious complications and long-term health consequences.
In the primary stage, a painless sore (chancre) develops at the site of infection, usually the genitals, rectum, or mouth, approximately three weeks after exposure. Without treatment, the infection progresses to the secondary stage, characterized by symptoms such as rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and fatigue. If the infection is not addressed at this stage, it may enter a latent stage, where no symptoms are present but the bacteria continue to proliferate within the body.
The tertiary stage of syphilis is the most severe, occurring years or decades after initial infection. It can damage various organs, including the heart, brain, eyes, and nervous system, leading to serious health problems, such as cardiovascular complications, neurosyphilis, blindness, and even death.
Syphilis can be diagnosed through blood tests and treated with antibiotics, primarily penicillin. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of the disease and its long-term complications. Sexual partners of individuals diagnosed with syphilis should also be tested and treated to avoid reinfection.
Prevention of syphilis involves practicing safe sexual behaviors, including the consistent use of condoms and regular testing for sexually transmitted infections.
