Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (SIRSV), also known as Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), is a highly contagious virus that affects pigs worldwide. It is classified as an Arterivirus, a type of RNA virus that primarily targets the respiratory and reproductive systems of swine.
Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus is characterized by its ability to cause two distinct syndromes: reproductive failure in breeding sows and respiratory illness in growing pigs. In breeding sows, the virus leads to reproductive problems such as abortions, stillbirths, premature farrowings, and weak-born piglets. This can result in significant economic losses for pig farmers due to reduced piglet production and increased mortality rates.
In growing pigs, Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms like coughing, labored breathing, and pneumonia. Infected pigs often exhibit reduced appetite, weight loss, and decreased growth rates, leading to poor overall performance. The virus weakens the pig's immune system, making it more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections that further complicate the illness.
Prevention and control of Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus primarily rely on strict biosecurity measures such as controlling pig movement, disinfecting facilities, and minimizing contact with infected animals. Vaccination is another preventive measure that helps reduce the severity of the disease and minimize its transmission.
Overall, Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus is a significant concern in the swine industry due to its extensive economic impact and negative effects on pig health and productivity. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the virus's molecular biology, developing more effective vaccines, and improving management strategies to control and eradicate the disease.
