Swine Gastroenteritis Virus, also known as swine enteric coronavirus, is a highly contagious viral pathogen that primarily affects pigs. It belongs to the Coronaviridae family and is classified under the Alphacoronavirus genus. This virus is responsible for causing gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, in swine populations across the globe.
Swine Gastroenteritis Virus primarily targets the epithelial cells lining the small intestine, leading to severe intestinal damage. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, with infected pigs shedding the virus in their feces. The virus can survive in the environment for several weeks, increasing the risk of infection for susceptible animals.
Clinical signs of swine gastroenteritis include watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, and decreased feed intake. Young piglets are particularly susceptible to severe disease, with high mortality rates often observed.
Prevention and control of Swine Gastroenteritis Virus involve strict biosecurity measures, such as thorough cleaning and disinfection of barns and equipment, and controlling the movement of animals. Vaccines have also been developed to protect pigs against the virus, reducing the severity of clinical signs and transmission within the herd.
While swine gastroenteritis primarily affects pigs, there have been instances of cross-species transmission of related coronaviruses, raising concerns about the potential for zoonotic transmission. Continuous monitoring and surveillance of the virus are crucial to prevent its spread and protect both swine populations and human health.
