Sick sinus syndrome (SSS), also known as sinus node dysfunction, is a medical condition characterized by abnormalities in the sinus node, the natural pacemaker of the heart. The sinus node is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. In individuals with SSS, this crucial node malfunctions, leading to cardiac arrhythmias and potentially compromising the heart's ability to pump adequate blood to the body.
Typically, sick sinus syndrome occurs in older adults, particularly those above the age of 50. Symptoms associated with SSS can vary and may include palpitations (a noticeably rapid, irregular heartbeat), lightheadedness, fainting, shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest discomfort. However, some individuals with SSS may remain asymptomatic, making diagnosis challenging.
There are multiple underlying causes of sick sinus syndrome, including age-related degeneration of the sinus node, inflammation, scarring from previous heart surgeries, certain medications, or other heart conditions like coronary artery disease. It may also result from genetic factors, though the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
Treatment options for sick sinus syndrome depend on the severity of symptoms and may include medication, lifestyle modifications (such as avoiding triggers like excessive caffeine or alcohol), and the implantation of a pacemaker to regulate the heart's rhythm. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a cardiologist are essential to manage the condition effectively and minimize potential complications.
