SICK ROLES Meaning and
Definition
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Sick-role refers to a concept in sociology and medical sociology that defines the behavior and expectations society places on individuals who are experiencing illness or are perceived as being sick. It encompasses the range of rights and obligations that the sick individual and others in society are expected to fulfill during sickness.
The sick-role concept was first introduced by Talcott Parsons, a prominent sociologist, in the 1950s. According to Parsons, individuals who become sick are exempted from their normal social responsibilities and are expected to conform to certain roles and behaviors during their illness. These roles are characterized by four main rights and obligations: the sick person is excused from normal social duties, is not held responsible for their condition, is expected to seek medical treatment, and is expected to strive to get well and resume their normal duties as quickly as possible.
In practice, sick roles vary across different societies and cultures, but some general expectations persist. For example, the sick person is often expected to consult a healthcare professional, follow medical advice, and take appropriate steps for recovery. They may also be entitled to sympathy, care, and assistance from family, friends, and society. However, it is important to note that while individuals may assume the sick role, their illness experience and the particular expectations placed upon them can differ significantly.
Overall, the concept of sick-role helps to understand the social and cultural dimensions of sickness by highlighting the roles and expectations individuals and society adopt during the experience of illness.
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Etymology of SICK ROLES
The term "sick role" originated in the field of medical sociology in the mid-20th century. It was first coined by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in his book "The Social System" published in 1951.
Parsons introduced the concept of the "sick role" to understand and analyze the social behavior of individuals who are perceived as being ill or sick. He argued that when someone becomes sick, society grants them certain rights and privileges but also imposes certain expectations and obligations upon them.
The etymology of the term itself is relatively straightforward. "Sick" refers to the state of being unwell or suffering from a medical condition, while "role" denotes the behavioral expectations and responsibilities associated with a particular social position. The combination of the two terms forms "sick role", which describes the social position and behavior expected of individuals when they are perceived as being sick.
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