Sclerema is a medical condition that is characterized by the hardening and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues. It is a rare disorder that primarily affects newborns, typically premature infants with underlying health problems, such as sepsis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, or respiratory distress syndrome.
The condition is believed to be caused by a combination of factors, including poor circulation, impaired metabolism, and the accumulation of certain fatty substances in the tissues. It primarily affects the subcutaneous fat layer, leading to its hardening and loss of elasticity. This results in a characteristic firm, wax-like appearance and a tight, immobile texture.
Sclerema mainly affects the skin of the extremities, particularly the lower limbs, and may spread to the trunk, face, and scalp. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as infection, ulceration, or necrosis of the skin. The condition can also affect other organs, such as the liver and lungs.
Treatment for sclerema is mainly supportive, focusing on managing the underlying condition and providing adequate nutrition and hydration to the affected infant. Warmth is crucial, as maintaining a warm environment can help improve blood flow and metabolism in the affected tissues. However, the prognosis for infants with sclerema is generally poor, as it often indicates severe systemic illness and carries a high risk of mortality.
In conclusion, sclerema is a rare medical condition characterized by the hardening and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, primarily affecting newborns with underlying health problems. It requires prompt medical attention and treatment due to its association with significant morbidity and mortality.
