Ringworm of the scalp, also known as tinea capitis, is a contagious fungal infection that affects the scalp and hair follicles. It is characterized by circular or patchy areas of hair loss, accompanied by scaling, redness, and itching. Despite its name, ringworm is not caused by any type of worm but by various types of fungi, including Trichophyton and Microsporum species.
Ringworm of the scalp primarily affects children, although it can occasionally occur in adults as well. It spreads through direct contact with an infected person or by using contaminated items such as combs, brushes, hats, or pillows. Fungal spores can survive on these objects for an extended period, making the transmission easy.
Symptoms of ringworm of the scalp may include the formation of scaly patches or bumps on the scalp, brittle or broken hair, swollen lymph nodes, and in severe cases, pus-filled sores. The condition may be accompanied by itching, which can sometimes lead to secondary bacterial infections if scratched vigorously.
Diagnosing ringworm of the scalp often involves a physical examination of the scalp and may require microscopic examination or fungal culture tests to confirm the presence of the fungus. Treatment typically includes antifungal medications, which may be prescribed in the form of topical creams or ointments for milder cases and oral medications for more severe infections.
Prevention and control of ringworm of the scalp involve maintaining good hygiene practices, avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects, and regularly washing personal items such as hats, pillows, and combs. Prompt treatment, along with proper hygiene, can effectively manage this condition and prevent its transmission to others.
