Ringworm of the nails, medically known as onychomycosis, refers to a fungal infection that affects the nails. It is caused by various types of dermatophyte fungi, including Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, as well as some non-dermatophyte fungi like Candida species. This condition predominantly affects the toenails, although it may also affect the fingernails.
Ringworm of the nails often starts with a small whitish or yellowish spot under the tip of the nail, and gradually progresses to involve the entire nail plate. The infection can cause the nail to become thickened, discolored, brittle, or crumbly. Infected nails may appear dull, opaque, and develop ridges or deformities. In severe cases, the nails may separate from the nail bed, leading to pain and discomfort.
Risk factors for ringworm of the nails include poor foot hygiene, excessive sweating, wearing tight shoes or non-breathable socks, trauma to the nails, and exposure to communal areas like swimming pools or public showers. Individuals with compromised immune systems or other fungal infections are also more susceptible.
Treatment for ringworm of the nails typically involves oral antifungal medications, such as terbinafine or itraconazole, which are taken for several months to eradicate the infection. In some cases, topical antifungal medications or nail lacquers may also be recommended. Proper foot hygiene, including regular washing, keeping the feet dry, and wearing clean socks and shoes, can help prevent the onset and recurrence of ringworm of the nails.
