Ringworm of the head, also known as tinea capitis, is a highly contagious fungal infection that affects the scalp, hair shafts, and, in some cases, the eyebrows and eyelashes. It is commonly seen in children but can also occur in adults. The term "ringworm" describes the characteristic circular or ring-shaped red patches that appear on the affected areas.
Caused predominantly by a group of fungi called dermatophytes, the infection spreads through direct contact with an infected person, contaminated objects such as combs, hats, or pillows, or even from animals such as cats and dogs. The fungi feed on keratin, a protein found in the outer layer of the skin and hair.
Typical symptoms of ringworm of the head include red, scaly patches on the scalp or bald spots, accompanied by itching, discomfort, and, sometimes, tenderness. The patches may develop into raised, inflamed areas with broken hair, resembling black dots or stubble. Occasionally, pus-filled sores or swollen lymph nodes may be present.
Proper diagnosis of the condition involves a physical examination and, in some cases, a laboratory test. Treatment typically involves use of oral antifungal medications, as topical treatments alone may not penetrate the scalp sufficiently. The infection is highly contagious, so it is vital to avoid sharing personal items or having close contact with infected individuals during the course of treatment.
Early detection and prompt treatment of ringworm of the head can prevent the spread of the infection and help manage symptoms effectively. Consulting a healthcare professional or dermatologist is advised for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
