Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic and potentially serious condition characterized by damage to the heart valves due to rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can occur after an infection with group A Streptococcus bacteria, primarily affecting the throat. If left untreated or poorly managed, it can lead to rheumatic heart disease.
Rheumatic heart disease typically develops as a result of the body's immune response to the streptococcal infection. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the heart valves, causing inflammation and damage. This can lead to the thickening, scarring, and distortion of the valves, which can affect their proper functioning and impair blood flow through the heart.
Common symptoms of rheumatic heart disease include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, and swelling of the legs and feet. In severe cases, it can lead to heart failure, which is characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood efficiently.
Treatment for rheumatic heart disease mainly focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve medications to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and prevent blood clots. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Prevention of rheumatic heart disease involves promptly treating streptococcal infections, particularly strep throat, with antibiotics to prevent the development of rheumatic fever. Additionally, long-term antibiotic prophylaxis may be recommended to prevent recurrent infections and further progression of the disease.
