Retinal Artery Occlusions (RAOs) are medical conditions characterized by a blockage or obstruction in one of the arteries that supply blood to the retina, the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. This blockage can occur suddenly, leading to a sudden and significant decrease in blood flow to the affected area of the retina.
RAOs can occur in two main forms: Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) and Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO). CRAO affects the central retinal artery, which supplies blood to the entire retina, while BRAO affects one of the smaller branches of the artery, causing a blockage in a specific area of the retina.
The obstruction of the retinal arteries in RAOs is often caused by a blood clot or embolus, which may originate from various sources such as the heart or carotid artery. Other potential causes include cholesterol plaques, inflammation, or vasculitis in the artery walls.
Symptoms of RAOs typically include sudden and painless vision loss in the affected eye, often described as a curtain or shadow descending over the visual field. Other possible symptoms can include blurred vision, light sensitivity, or a change in color perception.
Immediate medical attention is crucial in RAO cases, as prompt intervention may potentially restore blood flow and prevent permanent damage to the retina. Treatment options may include medications to dissolve the blood clot, lowering intraocular pressure, or surgical procedures to remove obstructions.
Overall, RAOs are serious conditions that require prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent significant visual impairment or irreversible vision loss.
