Retinal artery occlusion refers to a medical condition where there is a blockage or obstruction in one of the arteries that supply blood to the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This obstruction prevents adequate amounts of oxygen and nutrients from reaching the retina, leading to a sudden loss of vision in the affected eye.
There are two types of retinal artery occlusion: central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). CRAO occurs when the main artery that supplies the entire retina becomes blocked, while BRAO happens when one of the smaller branches that supply specific parts of the retina is obstructed.
Retinal artery occlusion usually occurs as a result of a blood clot or embolus that travels through the blood vessels and eventually becomes lodged in one of the retinal arteries. Other potential causes include inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis), cholesterol plaques, or the presence of underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or atherosclerosis.
Symptoms of retinal artery occlusion typically include sudden, painless, and severe vision loss in one eye. The affected eye may also appear pale, and the person may experience floaters or have a sense of a curtain or shadow descending across their visual field.
Prompt medical attention is required in cases of retinal artery occlusion to preserve vision. Treatment options may include attempts to dislodge the embolus, medications to improve blood flow, and addressing any underlying conditions. However, the prognosis for regaining full vision is often not favorable.
