The Republic of Yemen is a sovereign country located in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south, and Oman to the east. The nation consists of several regions, including the mainland and the archipelago of Socotra.
The political system of the Republic of Yemen is a unitary presidential republic, wherein the President is both the head of state and head of government. The President is elected through a direct vote by the citizens for a term of six years. However, due to ongoing political strife and conflicts, governance in Yemen has faced significant challenges in recent times.
Yemen's population is predominantly composed of Arabs, and Islam is the state religion. Arabic is the official language, while tribal affiliations and traditions continue to have a strong influence on social structures and identities. The country's economy relies heavily on agriculture, petroleum exports, and remittances from Yemeni workers abroad.
Historically, Yemen was a center of ancient civilizations and played a critical role in maritime trade along the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. It was divided into two separate nations, North Yemen and South Yemen, until their unification in 1990, establishing the current Republic of Yemen.
Yemen faces numerous socio-political challenges, including ongoing conflicts, humanitarian crises, and economic instability. These factors have resulted in widespread displacement, food insecurity, and limited access to basic services, making Yemen one of the world's most vulnerable countries.
